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Songs of the Humpback Whale (album)
''Songs of the Humpback Whale'' is a 1970 album produced by bio-acoustician Roger Payne. It publicly demonstrated for the first time the elaborate whale vocalizations of Humpbacks, and became the bestselling environmental album in history, selling over 100,000 copies.〔http://www.nationalgeographic.com/radiox/humpback/hw_archive.html〕 By raising awareness of the intelligence and culture of whales the album helped spawn a worldwide ”Save The Whales” movement, leading to the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 10-year global moratorium on commercial whaling (observed by all but a few nations).〔http://www.studio360.org/story/how-pop-music-helped-save-the-whales/〕
==Background==
Dr. Roger Payne has a background in bat and owl echolocation, but his interest in whale vocalizations came about circuitously. In the late 1960s he heard on the radio that a dead whale had washed up on Revere Beach (near Tufts University where he was working) so he drove out to see it. He found that souvenir hunters had already hacked off the flukes from the dead porpoise, somebody had carved their initials in its side, and a cigar butt had been stuffed into its blowhole. “I removed the cigar and stood there for a long time with feelings I cannot describe. Everybody has some such experience that affects him for life, probably several. That night was mine.”〔Liner notes to ''Songs of the Humpback Whale''〕
- Roger Payne In 1966, Payne heard about the whale recordings of Frank Watlington, a Navy engineer who eight years earlier had captured eerie underwater moaning and wailing sounds while manning a top-secret hydrophone station off the coast of Bermuda, listening for Russian submarines.〔http://www.cbsnews.com/news/whale-song-a-grandfathers-legacy/〕 Payne asked for and received copies of the recordings, and soon made the starting discovery that the songs repeated themselves, exactly. The shortest songs were in the six-minute range and the longest were over 30 minutes, and these could be repeated continuously for up to 24 hours. When the sounds were graphed they displayed a definite structure.〔http://www.thewire.co.uk/in-writing/essays/nature_s-greatest-hit_the-old-and-new-songs-of-the-humpback-whale〕
Subsequent research by Roger and his wife Katharine Payne discovered that all whales in a given ocean (or at least, the males during breeding season) sing the same song.〔http://www.thewire.co.uk/in-writing/essays/nature_s-greatest-hit_the-old-and-new-songs-of-the-humpback-whale〕 Further, the whale songs change subtly from year-to-year, but never went back to previous songs.〔Liner notes to ''Deep Voices''〕 Katy further discovered that the longer songs sung by the whales used the equivalent of “rhyming,” with key structures repeating at intervals. This raises the possibility that the whales use mnemonic devices to help them remember the more complicated songs.〔http://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/09/science/scientist-at-work-katy-payne-picking-up-mammals-deep-notes.html?pagewanted=2〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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